Buddhism
Buddha's Core Teachings
The Four Noble Truths is one of Buddha's fundamental teachings, which give a sincere explanation of human unhappiness, how to attain positive state of mind, stress relief, reach calm happiness, and gain a compassionate heart (Hanson 1). The first Noble Truth is the Noble Truth of Suffering, which is certainly going to occur in a being's lifetime. Suffering includes different forms of agony, sickness, distress, and torture of all sorts. Ranging anywhere from one experiencing diseases, body aches, the loss of a loved one, endless hours of work, depression, or being let down by others (Hanson 1). Anything that brings someone even the slightest bit of pain or hardship in any form is considered to be suffering. The first Noble Truth establishes the existence of suffering in each being's life, it is experienced by everyone. Acknowledging the existence of this Noble Truth allows a being to understand the realities of life and become one step closer to reaching nirvana.
The First Noble Truth
The Second Noble Truth
The Four Noble Truths
The second Noble Truth is the Noble Truth of the Cause of Suffering, which describes the primary source of suffering. The primary source of suffering is clinging onto anything, understanding the reason for suffering allows one to realize the cause and work towards changing the ways in which they cling onto things. Clinging onto things are closely associated with wanting, craving, seeking, addiction, obsession, or desire. Clinging onto things lead to suffering in two possible ways. The first being the that clinging, itself, is a form of suffering as it is constricting. Despite the fact that the thing individuals are clinging onto giving them joy, "the craving itself robs the enjoyable experience of some of its savor" (Hanson 3). The second being that everything in life is constantly changing, nothing is permanent and as a result this can cause suffering. Since each and every moment is different and different aspects of human life are always changing, the human mind attempts to find aspects of his or her life to stabilize themselves. Human beings are chasing after aspects of their life to hold onto, in attempts to better understand and get a hold on life, this mindset was developed to help human beings survive (Hanson 3). However, these moments or attempt do not last very long as things are inevitably going to change. In addition to the two ways an individual can experience suffering, the Buddha also taught the four main points of clinging. The four main points of clinging are "To sense pleasures – which includes resisting unpleasant experiences, to the notion or sense of self, to views, and to routines and rituals", life is filled with displeasing experiences, however, human beings can control the amount of unpleasant experiences they have by choosing to let go of desires that they cannot experience and by not resisting unpleasant experiences that are out of their control (Hanson 4). Holding onto this desire only furthers suffering and majority of the time once a person has reached their desire they are left to discover that their desires do not bring them great joy. For example, someone may desire a life full of money, wealth, and fame, but once they attain this lifestyle the individual may find out that they are missing out on some other aspect of life.The moment of satisfaction is typically short-lived in many cases. Life does offer moments of peace and joy, but the point Buddha attempts to make is that they all end with suffering in the end, everything that arises is eventually going to cease and there is no way around it (Hanson 5). Therefore, it is best to avoid clinging on to events, moments, places, and people. Instead, to focus on liberating oneself and one's mind from this cycle of suffering, through rebirth and death. Enjoy the experiences that are given, but avoid clinging to them.
The third Noble Truth is the Noble Truth of the End of Suffering, the end of suffering with the end of clinging (Hanson 6). Acknowledging and accepting events as they are, with an open mind is the key to application the no clinging idea. As human beings, individuals will feel compelled to acknowledge certain situations with certain emotions. However, one can be aware of the feeling and choose not to react to it, which leads to breaking the cycle of suffering (Hanson 6). Essentially, human beings cannot control the arising feeling a certain circumstance gives them, but they can control whether they react to it or not. Reacting to these moments is essentially clinging onto these moment. Trying to control them will only result in a negative outcome, as humans cannot control anything. Everything is constantly changing and out of our control. The acceptance of this truth along with an accepting attitude, human beings can end suffering for themselves.